Abstract:
The salt content of the soil is known as soil salinity, and the process of increasing the
salt content is known as salinization. Salts are found naturally in soils and water.
Natural processes such as mineral weathering or the gradual withdrawal of an ocean
both can cause salination. It can also occur as a result of man-made processes such as
irrigation and road salt. are a naturally occurring component in soils and water. Na+,
K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cl are the ions responsible for salination. these salts are flushed
or leached out of the soil by drainage water in areas with adequate precipitation. Salts
are deposited by dust and precipitation in addition to mineral weathering. Salts can
build up in dry areas, resulting in naturally saline soils. The addition of salts to
irrigation water can increase the salinity of soils. Irrigation management that
provides adequate drainage water to leach added salts from the soil can help to
prevent salt accumulation. Soil salinization has a negative impact on plant
development and contributes to land degradation. Saline earth reduces agricultural
productivity, worsens farmer well-being, and worsens the region's economic
situation. Early management of soil salinity aids in its reversal. However, due to the
negative effect of salinity on soil properties, heavy contamination results in the
complete loss of farmlands and desertification. Soil salinization has a negative
impact on plant development and contributes to land degradation.
Controlling soil salinity and reclaiming salinized agricultural land are two aspects of
soil salinity control. The goal of soil salinity control is to prevent soil degradation
caused by salination and to reclaim already salty (saline) soils. Soil reclamation is
also referred to as soil improvement, rehabilitation, remediation, recovery, or
amelioration. Irrigation is the most common man-made cause of salinization.
Irrigation water from rivers or groundwater contains salts that remain in the soil after
the water evaporates. The primary method of controlling soil salinity is to allow 10-
20% of irrigation water to leach into the soil, which will then be drained and
discharged via an appropriate drainage system. Because the salt concentration of
drainage water is typically 5 to 10 times that of irrigation water, salt export equals
salt import and does not accumulate.
